1892View
23m 18sLenght
24Rating

Agro-Climatic Zones of India Geographical area the country - 329 million hectares. India's population – 70 % in rural areas - main occupation is agriculture - average farm size is only 1.57 hectares. What is ACZ actually ? An “Agro-climatic zone” is a land unit in terms of major climates, suitable for a certain range of crops and cultivars. The planning aims at scientific management of regional resources to meet the food, fiber, fodder and fuel and wood without adversely affecting the status of natural resources and environment. (FAO, 1983). Western Himalayan Region (J&K, HP, UP, UK) Average max. temp. (ºC)= Summer 22.6 Average min. temp. (ºC)= Winter 2.6 Avg. seasonal rainfall (mm) =1650 - 2000mm Climate=Cool and humid irrigation method = Border strip and wild flooding Soil type - Brown hill alluvial (recent), mountain, meadow, skeletal. Constraints in the region = Soil erosion, slides and slips. Important crops = Wheat, Maize, Paddy and Potato. Cropping systems: subsistence or commercial mostly having Rice-wheat, maize-wheat, vegetables-wheat Common pests - Stem borers, aphids, are mostly prevalent in the area. To develop this region emphasis is on: (FAO Guideline) - Intensification of the soil and water conservation planning.- Land utility planning - agriculture for 30% sloppy land, horticulture for 30-50% slope, paddy for above 50% slope.- Good storage for transportation, marketing and processing.- Irrigation management like water harvesting technique.- Livestock management. Some research institutes in the region: Forest research institute, Deheradun. Vivekananda Parvitaya Annushandhanshala, Almora , Uttranchal. Potato breeding and certification station, Shimla The first agriculture University of India GBPUAT, Pantnagar is situated in this area. It caters to the need of the farmers. Eastern Himalayan Region (Assam Sikkim, W. Bengal, some parts of Bihar & all North-Eastern states) Average max. temp. (ºC)= Summer 22.2, Winter 8.8 Avg. seasonal rainfall (mm) =1840-3528mm Climate = Humid and sub- humid Average method = Canals - irrigate by either border strip or wild flooding. Soil type = Alluvial, red loamy, red sandy, brown hill soil, soil erosion, flash floods, steep slopes, denudation and degradation Important crops = Maize, Paddy, Jute, Rapeseed. Cropping systems: subsistence or commercial (Rice-vegetables, rice-wheat, rice-rice, jute-wheat. Constraints = Sloppy terrain and rocky topography and traditional ways of cultivation like Jhoom cultivation and shifting cultivation leads to the low productivity of these regions . Common Pests - Stem borers, aphids and thrips are serious. Lower Gangetic Plains RegionIt includes the areas of W. Bengal and adjoining regions Avg. max. temp. (ºC)= Summer 35.5 Avg. min. temp. (ºC)= Winter 11.0 Avg. seasonal rainfall (mm)=1302-1607mm Climate=Moist humid and dry humid irrigation method=Canals and ground water are the water sources and irrigate by either border strip and wild flooding Soil type= Any special soil condition and yellow Deltaic. orRed . other abiotic limitation- Soil erosion and degradation, soil salinity and alkalinity Important crops- Rice, Wheat, Rapeseed, Maize and Potato Cropping systems: subsistence or commercial-Rice-mustard, Pulses-wheat, Rice-vegetables, rice-wheat, rice potato, rice-wheat-summer rice Common pests - Stem borers, aphids , Gundhi bug and case worm are prevalent. Some of the pioneer institute in the regions are : Pioneer institute in fiber crop is -Jute technical research institute, kolkata. Central inland fisheries research institute, Barrack pore, W. Bengal This region is highly productive in the paddy cultivation as it comes under the lowest Gangentic belt. Middle Gangetic Plains Region It includes the regions like UP, Bihar. Avg. max. temp. (ºC)= Summer 30.5 Avg. min. temp. (ºC)= Winter 16.8 Avg. seasonal rainfall (mm)=1211-1470mm Climate = Moist sub- humid to dry sub- humid Irrigation method- Canals and ground water are the water sources and irrigate by either border strip or wild flooding. Soil type. Any special soil like Alluvial condition or other Abiotic limitation= Floods. Important crops - Sugarcane, Paddy, Maize, Wheat Cropping systems: subsistence or commercial-Rice-wheat, rice-fallow, maize-wheat, rice-lentil, rice-vegetables, rice-wheat-sugar cane-ratoon-wheat/rice Common Pests= shoot borer, root borer, aphids, Termites, Rice weevil are prevalent. Thanks for Watching Subscribe for More videos like on fb: https://www.facebook.com/Advance-Agricultural-Classes-209935129434632/ join our fb group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1600626926901456/